INTERNATIONAL VETERINARY EXPERIENCE SCHOLARSHIP

Submitted by Juliette Nye, The Ohio State University 

My experience in Madagascar started as soon as I got off the plane. Once arriving in Antananarivo and meeting up with Dr. Randy Junge from Columbus Zoo and Dr. Andrea Baden from Hunter College, we all settled in for a good nights sleep before taking a 12 hour van ride to run and find Ranomafana National Park the next day. The van ride allowed us to travel through beautiful scenery and many small towns throughout the countryside of Madagascar. It was amazing to see all of the different landscapes, ranging from populated cityscapes to desert-like areas to dense rainforest. I quickly learned about the significant degree of poverty that the people of Madagascar experience, easy to see through just brief moments spent driving through each of the small towns. Madagascar is considered one of the ten most impoverished countries in the world, creatining a stark contrast to the landscape seen in the United States.

Once we arrived in Ranomafana National Park, we unloaded all of our gear at Centre ValBio, our “home away from home” in Madagascar where we sorted through our research materials and prepared ourselves for the trip to Mangevo, the research site where there is a long-standing study on a large group of Black and White Ruffed Lemurs (Varecia variegata), a lemur species classified as critically endangered by the IUCN. But before the hike to Mangevo, we had other important business to attend to: there were two small, malnourished lemurs being housed at Centre ValBio that were victims of the pet trade and part of a recent confiscation. The team and I got to evaluate these little lemurs with general physical exams, in which I was able to assist with examination, blood draws, and giving subcutaneous fluids. I learned that lemurs (like many animals) tend to get cold while sedated or under anesthesia, so while they were waking up we had to hold them inside of our jackets to keep them warm! What a shame!

The next day, we hiked about 19 miles from Ranomafana town into the National Park center to get to the Mangevo campsite. We thankfully had porters to help us carry our heavy equipment (generator, research equipment, centrifuge, etc.) to the campsite, since the hike was already very difficult with just my water bottles and snacks! I thought it was incredible that the porters carrying our heavy research equipment and and the majority of our belongings (in sandals or barefoot, no less) were able to get to Mangevo campsite and back to Ranomafana town in about half the time it took for us to go one-way! It started raining as soon as we began the hike, which ranged from climbing (mostly up) huge hills, to walking next to (and often through!) rice paddies, to traversing rivers and streams on planks of wood. Often, the rice paddy and river water went up to my hips since it was so deep! Needless to say, I was entirely soaked from head to toe! I had been training for this hike for about 4 months by joining a local hiking club, but my training did not hold up well on the Madagascar jungle paths and the hike proved very difficult, both physically and mentally (especially when going uphill!). Once we reached the campsite after about 7 hours of hiking (I lost track), we were greeted with a cup of tea and a campfire. And then we had to pitch our tents!

While at Mangevo campsite, each day the field team would go out to track various Black and White Ruffed Lemurs and bring them back to us, the research team, to evaluate each lemur. I was absolutely amazed by the skill of the field site team in tracking, darting, and capturing lemurs from 40 feet up in very dense rainforest. I saw the incredible teamwork amongst the field team members to coordinate finding the lemurs and ultimately catching them in an enormous net all together, a testament to their dedication to working with this group of lemurs. While working with the lemurs, I was able to practice my physical exam, venipuncture skills and field anesthesia/ sedation monitoring skills, while also learning more in-depth about sedation protocols for darting. We performed a PCV/TP on each of the lemurs (if the generator running the centrifuge decided to work that day!). As part of my personal portion of the project, I used nasopharyngeal swabs to sample each of the lemurs for SARS-CoV-2 antigen.

It was amazing to work with lemurs, a species I have studied since my Masters degree coursework, in their natural habitat and experience such a remote part of the world as part of this program. Throughout my time at Mangevo, we often discussed the fragile ecosystems of Madagascar and the threats lemurs face, including habitat fragmentation, human encroachment, and the threat of constant predatory fossa (for prey) and humans (for bushmeat or for the pet trade). This trip allowed me to improve global health by better understanding the multifactorial causes of lemur population  decline, while also allowing me to assist with research on the potential threat of SARS- CoV-2 in remote lemur populations. Because this virus has yet to be detected in lemurs  (though they are primates) and due to their imperiled conservation status, it was important to assess each animal for viral infection as part of yearly stabbing efforts to answer the question if lemurs can become infected with SARS-CoV-2. Not only did this research component contribute to the body of knowledge surrounding SARS-CoV-2 infection in remote populations of non-human primates and lemur conservation, it also contributes to global health through its implications of human-wildlife interaction and potential interspecific disease transmission, and most of all, the interconnectedness of humans and wildlife. I recently was able to present my research results at the Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine (where I am now a veterinary student) Research Day, showing no active infection of SARS-CoV-2 in any of the 14 lemurs sampled. However, this still does not mean that lemurs cannot contract SARS-CoV-2 virus! I am hoping to continue this project in the future by testing the lemur blood samples we collected (that we couldn’t bring back to the United States in August 2023 due to permitting restrictions) for SARS-CoV-2 antibody to see if any of the lemurs in the study population had ever been exposed or been sick with the virus.

This travel improved my cultural competency by being able to work directly with Malagasy conservationists like Zo, an incoming Doctoral student at the University of Antananarivo who wants to further lemur conservation. He was so incredibly knowledgeable about the natural history of a myriad of lemur species, and his passion for lemur conservation was clearly demonstrated by his positive, helpful attitude, kindness, and of course the fact that he has worked with a variety of lemur research efforts. His willingness to teach what he knew about lemurs and share his lemur anecdotes, and also his willingness to have intercultural exchange conversations, was one of the highlights of this trip. Additionally, I was able to chat with many members of the Malagasy field site team and learn some of their techniques for tracking and then darting lemurs, as well as learning more about their daily lives as members of the research site field team, both when Dr. Baden (the study manager) is present and when she is away. One of my favorite memories was playing “Spot It!,” a game that doesn’t require speaking nor requires everyone to speak the same language, around the campfire with Zo and some of the other Malagasy field team members.

I am very passionnate about learning about exploring and trying to better understand the natural world. By participating in the Ranomafana Ruffed Lemur Project (as we dubbed it together as a team at the end of our field season), I was able to work with a species both closely related to humans and at critical risk of extinction, a privilege I do not take lightly. I am so thankful that I was able to have this unforgettable experience. I have the utmost admiration for the Malagasy field team, Dr. Junge, and Dr. Baden. Their dedication to conservation of the Black and White Ruffed Lemur and furthering lemur health is truly extraordinary. I am also eternally grateful to Tufts and the Glidden family for the funding to allow me to have this life-changing experience to solidify my love for zoological and conservation medicine, field work, and working outside of my comfort zone.

Photography

Submitted by Mallory Swanson, University of Tennessee

Cutest Pet

Submitted by Hannah King, North Carolina State University

INTERNATIONAL VETERINARY EXPERIENCE SCHOLARSHIP

Submitted by Ellie Stoller, The Ohio State University 

I stood with my classmates by my side as we listened to the professors explain the importance of elephants in Thai culture and tourism. I heard an unfamiliar trumpet, causing me to swiftly turn toward the sound. Behind me, there was an unexpected sight of six majestic elephants and their caretakers, called mahouts strolling down the streets. I stood there, awe-struck, as if caught in a dream. As I observed this surreal scene, tears welled up—an emotional response that went beyond simple astonishment. Those tears were a silent cry of gratitude, a visceral acknowledgment of the profound privilege it was to be part of such a magical moment in Thailand.  

Embarking on a veterinary study abroad program in Thailand marked a significant chapter in my life, weaving together academic exploration, personal growth, cultural immersion, and the establishment of lifelong friendships.  

Academically, the program provided a unique lens into veterinary medicine. Learning from Thai professors, I engaged in conversations ranging from animal welfare to intricate veterinary practices, challenging my perspectives and broadening my understanding. Hands-on experiences, from drawing blood on a catfish to testing cranial nerves in an elephant to monitoring the vitals for a sedated tiger, provided me with practical skills and a deeper appreciation for diverse veterinary approaches.  

The cultural nuances, especially the emphasis on rehabilitation and palliative care over euthanasia, left a lasting mark, prompting a shift in my approach to pet care. Thailand not only broadened my academic knowledge but also instilled a cultural sensitivity that I carry forward into my veterinary career.  

Learning about Thai culture was incredibly important to my personal growth, as it provided me with a deeper understanding of the rich traditions and customs that make Thailand so unique. Attending a dinner show featuring traditional Thai dress and dance allowed me to appreciate the intricate and vibrant clothing and witness the precision and beauty of this art form firsthand. Additionally, my efforts to learn and utilize the Thai language allowed me to connect with the local people. This cultural immersion was particularly rewarding, as it not only broadened my horizons but also allowed me to experience the warmth and kindness of the Thai people. I had an unforgettable experience at a bustling street market. While making a purchase, I mistakenly handed over 1000 baht instead of the intended 100 baht. The Thai vendor initially seemed puzzled, and we struggled to communicate due to the language barrier. However, despite the difficulty, she made it clear that I had overpaid and ensured that I received the correct change. It was a heartwarming moment as she patiently took the time to convey her message through gestures and simple words. Demonstrating her honesty and integrity. Despite the opportunity to profit from my mistake, her genuine kindness and good nature prevailed, emphasizing the remarkable generosity I encountered throughout my time in Thailand. This encounter left a lasting impression, highlighting the intrinsic honesty and warmth of the Thai people, and further reinforcing the importance of understanding and connecting with different cultures. I came back to the USA with an eagerness to spread the genuine friendliness and honesty I learned from the Thai people.  

Amid these academic and cultural discoveries, I uncovered a profound lesson in the intricate human-animal bond. This bond was particularly evident in the relationship  between mahouts and their lifelong companions, elephants. A mahout is a dedicated caretaker, paired with a singular elephant for life, forming a bond with their elephant partner. This unique connection, rooted in trust, not only went beyond mere companionship but also served as a valuable tool for promptly detecting ailments in the elephants. The mahouts, attuned to their elephants' moods and behaviors, played a vital role in ensuring the safety of both the gentle giants and those around them. The relationship between mahouts and elephants was a testament to connections that transcend species, a beauty that was simply beyond words.  

Beyond academics, the journey revealed the joy of culinary exploration. As a self-proclaimed foodie, Thai cuisine, especially the delicious Khao Soi and spicy Som Tum, became a highlight. Shared meals with classmates became rituals that added a flavorful layer to our bonding experience.  

Yet, the true essence of this journey lies in the relationships formed. Classmates, most initially strangers, became cherished friends. The camaraderie cultivated during late-night reflections on our experiences, shared laughter, and mutual exploration of Thailand's wonders created memories I will appreciate forever. These bonds strengthened over bowls of Khao Soi, have become the lasting treasures of this transformative experience.  

In conclusion, my study abroad experience in Thailand is a tapestry woven with threads of academic and personal growth, cultural enrichment, and the joy of culinary discovery. Beyond the veterinary knowledge and the cultural insights gained, this journey gifted me  with enduring friendships. Thailand will forever hold a special place in my heart as it was an unforgettable chapter in my personal and professional journey.

Foot in Mouth Disease

Submitted by Samantha DiDonato, University of Pennsylvania